Product Performance
Hafnium powder is a silver-gray powder with a density of 13.31 g/cm³ and a melting point of 2227°C. Its chemical properties are very similar to those of zirconium, exhibiting excellent corrosion resistance and being不易 eroded by common acid-base aqueous solutions. It readily dissolves in hydrofluoric acid to form fluoride complexes. At high temperatures, hafnium can also directly combine with gases such as oxygen and nitrogen to form oxides and nitrides.
Application Direction
1. Because hafnium easily emitsElectronicsand is very useful (such as being used as the filament in incandescent lamps). Used asX-rayThe cathode of the tube, an alloy of hafnium and tungsten or molybdenum, is used as the electrode for high-voltage discharge tubes. It is commonly used as the cathode for X-rays.TungstenSilk manufacturing industry. Pure hafnium is malleable, easy to process, and resistant to high temperatures and corrosion, making it an important material in the atomic energy industry. Hafnium has a large thermal neutron capture cross-section, making it an ideal neutron absorber, and it can be used as control rods and protective devices in atomic reactors. Hafnium powder can be used as rocket propellant. In the electrical industry, it can be used to manufacture cathodes for X-ray tubes. Hafnium alloys can be used for rocket nozzles and the leading edge protective layers of gliding reentry vehicles. Hf-Ta alloys can be used to produce tool steel and resistance materials. In heat-resistant alloys, hafnium is used as an additive element, for example, in alloys of tungsten, molybdenum, and tantalum, some of which contain hafnium. Due to its high hardness and melting point, HfC can be used as an additive for cemented carbides. The melting point of 4TaCHfC is approximately 4215°C, making it a compound with the highest known melting point. Hafnium can be used in many gas-filled systems.GetterHafnium getters can remove unwanted gases such as oxygen and nitrogen present in the system. Hafnium is often used as a component of hydraulic oil.AdditiveTo prevent the volatilization of hydraulic oil during high-risk operations, it has strong anti-volatility properties. Due to this characteristic, it is generally used in industrial hydraulic oil and medical hydraulic oil.
2. Hafnium is also used in Intel's 45nm processors. Due to silicon dioxide (SiO₂)₂Due to its manufacturability and ability to reduce thickness to continuously improve transistor performance, processor manufacturers have adopted silicon dioxide as the material for gate dielectrics. When Intel introduced the 65nm manufacturing process, it had already reduced the thickness of the silicon dioxide gate dielectric to 1.2 nanometers, equivalent to five atomic layers. However, as transistors shrink to atomic-scale dimensions, power consumption and heat dissipation challenges also increase, leading to current waste and unnecessary thermal energy. Therefore, if existing materials continue to be used to further reduce thickness, gate dielectric leakage will inevitably rise significantly, pushing transistor scaling technology to its limits. To address this critical issue, Intel is planning to replace silicon dioxide with a thicker high-k material (hafnium-based substances) as the gate dielectric. This move has successfully reduced leakage current by more than tenfold. Additionally, compared to the previous 65nm technology, Intel's 45nm process nearly doubles transistor density, allowing for an increase in the total number of transistors in a processor or a reduction in processor size. Furthermore, the power required for transistor switching is lower, reducing power consumption by nearly 30%. The interconnects use copper wiring combined with low-k dielectrics, effectively improving performance and reducing power consumption, while switching speed increases by approximately 20%.
Storage Conditions
This product should be stored in a sealed, dry, and cool environment. It should not be exposed to air for prolonged periods to prevent moisture absorption and agglomeration, which may affect its dispersion performance and effectiveness. Additionally, avoid heavy pressure, keep away from oxidizers, and transport as ordinary cargo.