Porous silica, due to its high specific surface area, good stability, and strong adsorption capacity, has a wide range of applications in fields such as catalysis, environment, and biomedicine. Therefore, developing a low-cost, simple, and easily industrializable method for preparing porous silica is of great significance.

Currently, the main methods for preparing porous silica include the surfactant template method, sol-gel method, and spray drying method. The surfactant template method uses surfactants as templates, leveraging the differences in micelle morphology at various surfactant concentrations to hydrolyze organosiloxanes under alkaline conditions, thereby obtaining silica materials with different morphologies. However, this method has high preparation costs and a relatively complex process, making it unsuitable for large-scale production. The sol-gel method involves preparing a sol from organic silicates or organosiloxanes mixed with acidic or alkaline solutions, which undergoes hydrolysis and condensation to form a gel. After calcination and grinding, silica is obtained. This method yields silica powders with irregular morphology and relatively low specific surface area.